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1. Identify

1. Maintaining Safety and Essential Performance​

μ œμ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” 기기의 μ•ˆμ „μ„±κ³Ό ν•„μˆ˜ μ„±λŠ₯, 손상 μ‹œ λ°œμƒν•  ν™˜μž μœ„ν•΄μ˜ 심각도, 그리고 μœ„ν—˜ 수용 기쀀을 μ •μ˜ν•΄μ•Ό 함.
ENManufacturers should define, as part of their comprehensive cybersecurity risk management plan, the safety and essential performance of their device, the resulting severity of patient harm if compromised, and the risk acceptance criteria.
KRμ œμ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” 포괄적인 μ‚¬μ΄λ²„λ³΄μ•ˆ μœ„ν—˜ 관리 κ³„νš(comprehensive cybersecurity risk management plan)의 μΌν™˜μœΌλ‘œ, 기기의 μ•ˆμ „μ„±κ³Ό ν•„μˆ˜ μ„±λŠ₯, 손상 μ‹œ λ°œμƒν•  ν™˜μž μœ„ν•΄μ˜ 심각도(severity), 그리고 μœ„ν—˜ 수용 κΈ°μ€€(risk acceptance criteria)을 μ •μ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ENThese steps allow manufacturers to triage vulnerabilities for remediation.
KRμ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” μ œμ‘°μ‚¬κ°€ μ·¨μ•½μ μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μœ„ν˜‘ λͺ¨λΈλ§μ€ κΈ°κΈ° μ·¨μ•½μ μ˜ μ•…μš© κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό ν™˜μž μœ„ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆμ–΄ μ€‘μš”ν•¨.
ENThreat modeling is important to understanding and assessing the exploitability of a device vulnerability and its potential for patient harm.
KRμœ„ν˜‘ λͺ¨λΈλ§(threat modeling)은 κΈ°κΈ° μ·¨μ•½μ μ˜ μ•…μš© κ°€λŠ₯μ„±(exploitability)κ³Ό ν™˜μž μœ„ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ENThreat modeling can also be used in determining whether a proposed or implemented remediation can provide assurance that the risk of patient harm due to a cybersecurity vulnerability is reasonably controlled.
KRλ˜ν•œ μœ„ν˜‘ λͺ¨λΈλ§μ€ μ œμ•ˆλ˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ‹œν–‰λœ μœ„ν—˜κ°œμ„ μ΄ μ‚¬μ΄λ²„λ³΄μ•ˆ μ·¨μ•½μ μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν™˜μž μœ„ν•΄ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ ν•©λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅μ œλ˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ 보μž₯ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 데에도 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ENImportantly, acceptable mitigations will vary depending upon the severity of patient harm that may result from exploitation of a vulnerability affecting the device.
KRμ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은, ν—ˆμš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ™„ν™” 쑰치(acceptable mitigations)λŠ” 취약점이 μ•…μš©λ  경우 λ°œμƒν•  ν™˜μž μœ„ν•΄μ˜ 심각도에 따라 λ‹¬λΌμ§„λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

2. Idenitification of Cybersecurity Signals​

뢈만, λ°˜ν’ˆ, μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 기둝, 기타 ν’ˆμ§ˆ λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 좜처λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ 뢀적합 μ œν’ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 기타 ν’ˆμ§ˆ 문제의 κΈ°μ‘΄ 및 잠재적 원인을 식별해야 함(21 CFR 820.100).
ENManufacturers are required to analyze complaints, returned product, service records, and other sources of quality data to identify existing and potential causes of nonconforming product or other quality problems (21 CFR 820.100).
KRμ œμ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” 뢈만(complaints), λ°˜ν’ˆλœ μ œν’ˆ(returned product), μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 기둝(service records), 기타 ν’ˆμ§ˆ λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 좜처λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ 뢀적합(nonconforming) μ œν’ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 기타 ν’ˆμ§ˆ 문제의 κΈ°μ‘΄ 및 잠재적 원인을 식별해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€(21 CFR 820.100).
ENManufacturers are encouraged to actively identify cybersecurity signals that might affect their product, and engage with the sources that report them.
KRμ œμ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” μžμ‚¬ μ œν’ˆμ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬μ΄λ²„λ³΄μ•ˆ μ‹ ν˜Έ(cybersecurity signals)λ₯Ό 적극적으둜 μ‹λ³„ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λŠ” μΆœμ²˜μ™€ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•  것을 ꢌμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ENIt is important to recognize that signals can originate from sources familiar to the medical device workspace such as internal investigations, post market surveillance and or/complaints.
KRμ‹ ν˜ΈλŠ” λ‚΄λΆ€ 쑰사(internal investigations), μ‹œνŒ ν›„ κ°μ‹œ(post market surveillance), 뢈만 λ“± 의료기기 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μ΅μˆ™ν•œ μΆœμ²˜μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ENIt is also important to recognize that cybersecurity signals may originate from cybersecurity-centric sources such as Cyber Emergency Response Teams (CERTS), ISAOs, security researchers, or from other critical infrastructure sectors such as the Defense or Financial Sectors.
KRλ˜ν•œ μ‚¬μ΄λ²„λ³΄μ•ˆ μ‹ ν˜ΈλŠ” 사이버 비상 λŒ€μ‘νŒ€(CERTS), ISAO, λ³΄μ•ˆ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ(security researchers), κ΅­λ°©(Defense)μ΄λ‚˜ 금육(Financial)κ³Ό 같은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ€‘μš” 인프라 λΆ€λ¬Έμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것도 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ENIrrespective of the originating source, a clear, consistent and reproducible process for intake and handling of vulnerability information should be established and implemented by the manufacturer.
KRμΆœμ²˜μ™€ 관계없이, μ œμ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” 취약점 정보(vulnerability information)의 μ ‘μˆ˜(intake) 및 처리(handing)λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ³  μΌκ΄€λ˜λ©° μž¬ν˜„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜κ³  μ‹€ν–‰ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ENFDA has recognized ISO/IEC 29147:2014, Information Technology - Security Techniques - Vulnerability Disclosure and ISO/IEC 30111:2013: Information Technology – Security Techniques – Vulnerability Handling Processes that may be useful resources for manufacturers.
KRFDAλŠ” μ œμ‘°μ‚¬μ— μœ μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ ISO/IEC 29147:2014 γ€Œμ •λ³΄κΈ°μˆ  – λ³΄μ•ˆ 기법 – 취약점 곡개(Vulnerability Disclosure)」와 ISO/IEC 30111:2013 γ€Œμ •λ³΄κΈ°μˆ  – λ³΄μ•ˆ 기법 – 취약점 처리 ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€(Vulnerability Handling Processes)」λ₯Ό 인정(recognized)ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ENManufacturers should develop strategies to enhance their ability to detect signals (e.g., participating in an ISAO for medical devices).
KRμ œμ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έ 탐지 λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ „λž΅μ„ κ°œλ°œν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (예: 의료기기용 ISAO μ°Έμ—¬).
ENManufacturers can also enhance their postmarket detection of cybersecurity risks by incorporating detection mechanisms into their device design and device features to increase the detectability of attacks and permit forensically sound evidence capture.
KRλ˜ν•œ κΈ°κΈ° 섀계 및 κΈ°κΈ° κΈ°λŠ₯에 탐지 λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ„ ν†΅ν•©ν•˜κ³  λ²•μ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ νƒ€λ‹Ήν•œ(forensically sound) 증거 확보λ₯Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ‹œνŒ ν›„(postmarket) μ‚¬μ΄λ²„λ³΄μ•ˆ μœ„ν—˜ 탐지λ₯Ό κ°•ν™”ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21 CFR 820.100 Corrective and Preventive Action (μ‹œμ • 및 예방쑰치)